Ghadir Khom

GHADIR KHOM AND SUCCESSION IN ISLAM PART I

Congratulations for all Muslims in celebration of Ghadir day . This is the day of the year 10 of al Hijra , 18th of al Hujja when The Holy Prophet of Islam -on his way back from Mekka where he had performed Hajj and triumphed over the enemies of God - was inspired to address his people regarding an urgent matter that could not wait . He was told that if

this urgent matter is not carried on all the previous achievements would be worth nothing يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ بَلِّغْ مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ وَإِنْ لَم تَفْعَل فَمَا بَلَّغْتَ رِسَالَتَهُ وَاللهُ يَعصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ ) (المائدة/ 67) “ O Messenger, announce that which has been revealed to you from your Lord, and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message. And Allah will protect you from the people. Indeed, Allah does not guide the disbelieving people.” .

So did the Holy Prophet in the place called Ghadir Khom -which is a valley between Mekka and al Madina-addressing his people and leaving them his legacy after his death that he felt near and seeking to arrange for his succession .

Showing the way for the survival of the faithful , the Prophet told his people to abide by the two major legacies that he had left them : One of them provides the divine connection that is in the hands of God the Almighty and this is to be done through the Holy Kuran , and the other that the people provide to themselves by attaching themselves and being devoted to the progeny of the Holy Prophet .

It is in this message of Ghadir Khom that the Holy Prophet completed his religious message and mission and named his successor for leading the faithful. This successor was none other than Imamu ‘Ali , his cousin and the husband of his daughter Fatima who is the first to have surrendered to Islam after his wife Khadija.. By this the Holy Prophet had achieved his Holy mission .

Sunnis and Shi’as vary regarding the interpretation of what has happened at Ghadir Khum that day . And while both of them admit that such event took place , the Sunnis object that the other legacy mentioned -besides the Kuran -was not to show devotion to the Progeny of the Holy Prophet and take them as models -but to abide by the acts and words and life as lived by the Messenger of God and which constitutes the Sunna or the tradition that was implemented by him during his lifetime and which is to constitute a model for them - . This Sunna -meaning tradition - is from where the name Sunni originates . The Sunnis also object to the fact that the Holy Prophet named Imamu ‘Ali “as his successor and leader of the faithful after his death , they say that such thing did not happen and no successor was appointed , leaving the matter of succession unresolved . This is still a point of difference between the Sunnis and the Shi’as and a major one.

GHADIR KHOM AND SUCCESSION IN ISLAM PART II

We have chosen to bring up this matter of Ghadir day to be discussed objectively among objective people that are impartial and well wishers of humanity and this not in order to promote or increase differences but in order to have the matter debated in the right place by the right people, instead of being fought over in several battlefields causing b

loodshed and loss of lives and victims as we are witnessing nowadays . Overlooking the whole thing would not help , let us try to cast a light on what really happened on that day in the light of what has been revealed by the holy Koran itself.

The context definitely of the Ghadir day was that of tension; there was tension among the believers and between them and the Prophet of Islam and this tension had started before the Ghadir day and probably continued till after the death of the Prophet of Islam and increased even more in the days of the four Caliphs to culminate in the event of Karbala’ . But this had started during the lifetime of the Prophet.

The context of the ‘Aya 67 of Sourat Al Ma’ida is that of enmity between the previous messengers of God who preceded the Prophet and their congregation, of how the community around Christ or other messengers had swayed from the injunctions of the religion . This enmity -experienced by Christ or Prophet Ibrahim - and the failure of their followers to apply the religious rules and injunctions reveal the situation of the Prophet of Islam himself who had the same experience with his own community of rebellion and non obedience to the word of God.

There is warning in this Sourat and recall of how the congregation of previous messengers did not carry on the ordinances of God . This is the general context and spirit of the Sourat and reveals the fact that the Prophet of Islam felt unsafe within his own community , and the important message- he wanted to convey to them- was hindered because it contained material that endangered the life of the Prophet because it would be considered provocative by the community and- for this reason- had to wait for a sign from God whereby the Prophet of Islam would be granted protection .

This ‘Aya 67 was revealed to grant divine protection to the Prophet of Islam in relation to the important message he had to deliver in Ghadir day, and to order him to reveal it to the community- without delay- because such message was of great importance to the point that it exposed and threatened the life of the Prophet .

Now – logically speaking - this cannot be a secondary matter that threatened the life of the Prophet or an inoffensive message that had to do with the completion of religion or pointing out the two legacies : that of the Holy Koran and the Tradition . These facts could not and should not be considered as provocative or life threatening .

What was revealed in Ghadir day was of extreme importance for the future of the community, in addition to being life threatening to the Prophet and- logically- this could have been succession and it is succession . Once granted divine protection- according to the interpretation of the ‘Aya 67- the Prophet dismissed the guards who were assuring his protection and relied on God , the message was thus revealed by God’s will and religion had entered a new phase of confrontation.

THE BEST OF RULERS FOR THE BEST UMMAH! PART III

The matter to be revealed in Ghadir Khom was of a major importance . The question is that: if this matter was not that of succession then what was it about ? Some answer must be given and the thing cannot remain unanswered because then it will have the form of a riddle and there are no riddles in the Koran . The Aya 67 of the Sourat

al Ma’ida is clear in ordaining the Prophet to carry on this matter and granting him protection while doing this .

What was the thing that completed the religion of the Prophet of Islam and what was the final task fallen upon him when he felt that his death was drawing near ? It was a major thing – no doubt - of great importa-nce without which the message - for the sake of which the Prophet of Islam dedicated his whole life and sacrificed everything- would remain incomplete . It was the final touch that- not only concluded the life and message of the last of the Prophets- but concluded –as well- all the messages of the Messengers who preceded him since the Prophet of Islam came to confirm them all .

How can we deny the Prophet the worry and concern about his own succession and about the future of the community when we do not deny this to the average person who will prepare for his eventual death and arrange and organize things for his children in terms of will and other measures and steps ? We have no right to deny the Prophet this attempt at arranging for after his death , or think that the Prophet- who spent his life time guiding and teaching and expounding and leading- will leave his community unattended .. This is completely illogical and not in tune with the kind of person the messenger of Islam was .

And how can we- when his own community -composed of the Muhajireen and Ansaar - seemed so much concerned with the succession -especially in the gathering of bani Saa’ida- where they were fighting over it – deny that the Prophet felt the same urgency ? This is beyond all logic. The Prophet addressed the faithful in Ghadir saying : “today I completed this religion that is yours ” which means that something the Prophet of Islam said and did that day made the message and the religion complete , there was no more anything to add and no room for further developments .

Some people might object that this succession was not a divine ordinance that -in case it happened on Ghadir day - this was a personal initiative -on behalf of the Prophet- but not divinely ordained . The answer is that : if the order is divine- as the Soura reveals- then its content must be divine as well, and the Prophet of Islam acted as ordained and even if ‘Ali’s name was not delivered as such , the Prophet being infallible , his acts and words must have also this quality of infallibility . So, in choosing his successor, he enjoyed the same quality .

And who would the Prophet of Islam choose ? He would choose the best for his community and the best is no doubt: Imam ‘Ali . The wisest, the most devout and learned , the most committed whom he chose as husband for his only daughter , the lady of the ladies , her father’s mother- the blessed Fatima- to whom he chose the best of men.

By the testimony of all , universally acknowledged, is the wisdom of the Imam that no one would question or doubt , a universal school by himself, a manual and a model for all spiritual aspirants of all religions and cultures . Qualified for teaching and leading and fighting , the door to the realm of true Islam. Who can deny the qualities of such Imam ? It is these qualities of the leader that the Prophet of Islam meant and not only the person of ‘Ali. Addressing his community, he did not just tell them to acknowledge ‘Ali in that day and time and place of the Ghadir , he told them to acknowledge these qualities in each time, in each day , and in each place.

Wherever and whenever, let the choice fall on people like the Imam, for leadership , for model and reference, let people like the Imam- in every age- lead the community to its salvation . Until now we can hear the Prophet of Islam telling us to make the right choice, as in Ghadir day , and until now we have objected and turned the deaf ear and defied the divine injunctions and kept on going as if God and religion had no existence , as if there was no difference between right and wrong .

Until now , we are reaping the fruits of such wrong thinking and wrong choice , reaping the fruit of disobeying God . For this reason religion has deteriorated and in consequence the quality of life , the spiritual quality of life and the human and spiritual values have deteriorated. Until we hear and yield to the call of the Ghadir , there will be no salvation for us and no justice for the world and no awakening to the Spirit of religion.

WISE ADMINISTRATION NEEDED PART IV

Ghadir day was major event in deciding the future of the religion. The Godly part or the divine Legacy had been completed fully , remained the human part, or the human legacy, that had to be fulfilled on behalf of the community. We will not be exaggerating if we said that what we are witnessing nowadays in the deterioration of the religion whereb

y, in the name of Islam and while calling Allahu Akbar , innocents and civilians-among them children- are being slain- had thus started when the divine injunctions were not carried on by the community .

The reason why the community did not follow the ordinances of the Religion and did not obey the Messenger of God was due to reasons inherent to the community of the believers itself and not to the religion that had been completed . The community had failed the Prophet as it had failed previous Prophets as the subsequent ‘Aayas of the sourat al Maa’ida show .

In order to understand why the community did this , we have only to look at ourselves and see how we act and how we think and what motivates us while we claim to be religious and committed . Greed, ambition and competition divided the Umma . There was turmoil within the community and a tendency to bring back the Jaahillyya days and restore the Quraish hegemony which happened with the advent of Mo’aawiy .

Imam ‘Ali did not impose himself and was- in no way- part of the secret or open deals that were struck between the poles of the community. He was in no way seeking power but the benefit of the Umma and this what made him different from the others who aspired for power .Though he ruled after the third Caliph was assassinated, he could not continue his rule that was usurped from him by the Ruler of Syria Mu’aawiya who represents the coming back of the pre Islamite ruling class of Quraish dressed in the garbs of Islam.

The issue of Ghadir day was totally obscured and still is, and this has caused and is still causing great unsettlement for the Umma . The destitution of ’Ali was a turning point, and the assassination of Imam al Hussein- grand son of the Prophet- was another turning point : a tragedy by all means where the son of Fatima -daughter of the Prophet of Islam- and of ‘Ali- his cousin - was killed and his whole family by the son of Mu’aawiya in a crime that has no equal in the history of religions . The Umma had turned against itself and the Caliphate became continuously haunted by the presence of the Holy progeny of the Rasul whose rights were continuously violated, their cause usurped and their blood continuously spilled.

Look at the religion right now , look at Islam , and look at the majority of Muslims . In number they are faring well but other than that they are doing poorly . Their rulers are rotten, their countries corrupt, their acts and deeds far from being religious . Look at the Muslims now and judge for yourself , look at the Libyans lead by Henry Levy look at Mursi bowing before Clinton . look at the Prince of Qatar and the Saudi king . Look who holds the keys to Mekka , look at the fanatics of Syria , the bearded fanatics bred by Clinton who get paid to kill ; look at Erdugan , look at the surrender to the enemies of the religion , look at all this . Look at the whole world . Look at the wars and famine and genocides and extermination of all forms of life . look at the oppression, the misery , the illiteracy , the spiritual ignorance and the deterioration of moral values . Look at all this and judge for yourself and ask yourself whether this could have been otherwise and why has it ended the way it ended.

SEEKING A WISDOM ORIENTED ADMINISTRATION

Raise the individuals by society and raise the society by the individuals. This must be true in our seeking for better government and administration. Our seeking for better administration is at the same time a seeking for the betterment of society and the individuals.
It is not something that really needs to be divinely revealed , it is our practical exper

ience that we are connected to those who are better knowing than us and to those who are more ignorant than us .

Intelligent people chose to follow their betters and certainly cherish a good leader and a wise administration that is not only trustworthy but also well guided . And this is not something impossible among people who respect and value their betters , because then society will be oriented for passage of knowledge to its recipient as the mountain slope is oriented for the passage of water to its destination .

There are certainly plenty of good people who have the qualities of leadership along with the ethics that go with it, and good administration is as feasible as bad administration, though it is more difficult to attain and has to be sought knowingly .

These qualified people exist but have been marginalized and deprived of rule and leadership while the rogues have taken their place and this is how we ended up with the worst administration and the worst society most resistant to the passage of knowledge ever witnessed on earth . This is something that should be knowingly avoided , namely : a society resistant to administration and an administration resistant to knowledge .
As a ship reaches its safe destination by the merit of its captain and crew, so also a society reaches its destination by the merit of its administration guided by the wisdom of life

All the calamities we are encountering are due to the lack of wise administration that is connected to a higher moral authority . It is universal wisdom that should lead the ship of human society through the administration , because , we are universal people, children of this universe and brothers and sisters to each other , we are all one fabric but have forgotten who we are .

For this reason, when the Messenger of God wanted to choose his successor, he chose the most trustworthy : ‘Ali ben Abi Taleb whom he could trust with religion because he knew him well to be so since he said : I am the city of Knowledge and ’Ali is its gate. The Prophet had no choice but to entrust religion to the kind of person ‘Ali was . In case there was no such person, religion would be in great peril, and this is what happened when the will of the Prophet was obstructed.

This is not to demean the other aspirants for the position but to point out that Imam ‘Ali was not seeking that position and he has proved it historically as Imam Hussein proved it later 

*By Daniel Mabsout ( on his FB )

Kisah Seorang Mualaf asal Australia

Nama saya Suraya. Saya dilahirkan dan dibesarkan di Australia. Kini saya sedang belajar di Iran. Saya yakin bahwa Allah ada dalam semua jiwa kita. Keberadaan ini merupakan suatu hal yang fitrah. Tidak peduli apakah sebagian dari manusia memilih dan mengakui serta berserah diri kepada Yang Maha Kuasa, sementara yang lain tidak peduli dengan-Nya dan melewati kehidupan menurut keinginan dan kehendaknya sendiri.

Sebagai seorang anak, saya merasakan keberadaan Tuhan dalam hati saya dan keinginan untuk berserah diri Sekalipun demikian saya tidak tahu jalan yang dapat mengantarkan saya ke pada tujuan itu. Saya sering merenung dari mana saya datang, mengapa saya di sini dan kemana saya akan pergi?

Saya besar di Australia dan hidup dalam sebuah lingkungan Kristen Katolik. Kondisi ini tidak memperbolehkan saya untuk melakukan penelitian berkaitan keimanan. Artinya, saya harus mengikuti ibu bapa saya dan mengikuti agama mereka secara membabi buta.

Banyak sekali konsep seperti doktrin Trinitas, di mana Tuhan wujud dalam tiga bagian termasuk Nabi Isa as sebagai anak Tuhan dan menyembah berhala, merupakan sebagian kepercayaan Kristen yang menjadi pertanyaan buat saya sejak berusia muda.

Saya benar-benar tidak puas hati dengan jawaban yang tidak masuk akal dan malah hal ini membuat saya menjadi nakal dan dikenakan hukuman oleh Sekolah Biarawati Kristen karena sikap jujur dan ingin tahu saya.

Ketika saya berusia 13 tahun, biarawati bertanya dengan murid-murid, siapa yang tidak menyukai Injil? Hanya saya yang menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, saya katakan, "Injil telah disimpangkan oleh tangan manusia, ia memuat pornografi, dan saya yakin bahwa ia bukanlah kata-kata Tuhan yang benar." Mendengar itu, saya diusir keluar dari kelas.

Pada usia remaja, saya meninggalkan Kristen untuk selamanya, lelah dengan sistem agama Barat.

Apa yang saya impikan ialah sekelompok manusia dari berbagai warga berbalut kain putih, berjalan secara sistematis di sebuah tempat dengan tiang-tiang yang besar. Saya hubungkan dengan Ghandi; ketika berusia lebih dewasa saya mula belajar berkaitan agama-agama Timur. Pencarian saya cenderung ke arah Buddhisme.

Waktu ini ibu saya sibuk mempersiapkan diri untuk melakukan perjalanan ke Mesir, mengisi impiannya. Saya sering mengejek keinginan ibu untuk ke Mesir. Bagaimanapun, itulah yang direncanakan oleh Allah.

Ibu saya melakukan kunjungannya ke Mesir pada tahun 1997. Tidak lama selepas itu, saya ke Eropa untuk mengunjungi sanak saudara saya. Walaupun saya tidak berminat untuk mengunjungi Mesir, saya berencana untuk tinggal di Mesir selama lima hari untuk menemui ibu saya.

Saya menggunakan pesawat Gulf Airlines. Di dalam pesawat saya menggunakan headset untuk mendengar musik; saya berhenti saat mendengar suara indah yang menusuk ke dalam kalbu saya, walaupun saya tidak memahami maksudnya.

Setelah tiba di Mesir, saya tinggal lebih lama dari yang telah saya rencanakan. Malah, setiap kali saya berkeinginan untuk meninggalkan negara ini, ada saja yang menghalang kepergian saya.

Saya berjalan ke semua tempat, saya diberitahu banyak kali mengenai sebuah masjid milik Ahlul Bait di Kairo. Ketika saya ke tempat tersebut, impian saya bakal terpenuhi. Saya tidak tahu langsung apa saja tentang Ahlul Bait, tetapi orang-orang di sana begitu menyayangi mereka sehingga membuat saya turut terilhami. Sisa-sisa kekalifahan Fatimiyah yang menyintai Ahlul Bait masih terdapat di kalangan orang-orang Mesir hari ini.


Akhirnya saya pergi ke Masjid dengan penuh harapan. Saat memegang zarih masjid, saya dengan jujur meminta kepada Tuhan supaya membimbing saya ke jalan yang benar dan mengakhiri pencarian saya serta mengubah kehidupan saya yang kosong di Australia.


Karena besar di barat, saya sering diberi gambaran negatif berkaitan Islam dan umat Islam. Bagaimanapun ketika saya di Mesir, saya melihat nilai-nilai kekeluargaan yang kuat, menghormati orang tua, dan semangat dermawan yang besar. Rakyat hidup dalam kemiskinan, tetapi mereka rela dan puas hati. Mereka mengetahui tujuan hidup ini. Saya tidak melihat sama sekali kecenderungan ke arah materialisme dan tidak bimbang akan masa depan. Saya membuat kesimpulan bahwa semuanya ini adalah dari asas agama yang mereka miliki.

Ini menyebabkan saya mulai melakukan kajian tentang Islam. Semakin banyak yang saya ketahui, semakin saya tertarik padanya. Saya dapati Islam merupakan agama yang sempurna, menyelubungi semua aspek kehidupan, dari kesehatan hingga keberhsihan, dari sains sehinggalah nilai-nilai moral, dan masalah dunia yang tak terlihat.


Satu hari saat saya sedang berjalan, saya mendengar musik indah seperti yang saya dengar dalam pesawat. Musik itu datang dari warung kopi. Saya diberitahu bahwa itulah bacaan al-Quran.

Akhirnya saya diberikan sebuah al-Quran berbahasa Inggris. Ketika membukanya, saya tersadar bahwa pencarian saya selama ini telah sampai ke penghujungnya. Saat saya mula membacanya, ia seolah-olah turun dari langit terus ke tangan saya. Kata-katanya begitu indah, terus kepada poin. Saya merasakan bahwa untuk pertama kalinya Tuhan berkata-kata dengan saya. Ini merupakan kata-kata Tuhan yang jelas, dan bukan kata-kata dari fikiran manusia.

Banyak sekali ayat yang memperlihatkan transparansinya seperti surah at-Tauhid. Dan secara instan menakhiri segala kekacauan seumur hidup.


Pagi itu juga saya memeluk agama Islam. Allah Swt telah mengutuskan banyak rasul dan nabi seperti Nabi Musa, Nabi Ibrahim, Nabi Isa dan Nabi Muhammad Saw, untuk membimbing umat lewat berbagai generasi, masyarakat, dan budaya. Islam merupakan rangkaian pesanan terakhir dan Nabi Muhammad merupakan penutup para Rasul yang diutus Allah Swt.


Sekalipun, pencarian saya tidak berakhir di sini… Saya kembali ke Australia dan setelah 6 tahun menganut Islam, saya bertemu dengan beberapa orang penganut Syiah. Saya amat terperanjat dengan perbedaan yang terdapat di antara Sunni dan Syiah.


Tiba-tiba saya menyadari betapa pentingnya memilih mazhab untuk dianut. Haus akan kebenaran, membuah saya melakukan kajian selama selama setahun. Saya berdoa sebanyak-banyaknya dan meminta Allah membimbing saya serta tidak meninggalkan saya dalam keadaan kesulitan.


Pada awalnya saya menemui banyak sekali pandangan negatif dan bodoh yang diarahkan terhadap syiah. Bagaimanapun, secara berangsur-angsur saya mulai cenderung dengan ide-ide Syiah. Bukan sekedar bukti, tetapi juga dasar yang logis.


Banyak teman Sunni yang memberi nasihat agar saya lebih baik bersama dengan mayoritas umat Islam dan akan selamat. Jika mengikuti peraturan ini, sudah tentu saya masih saja mengikuti agama nenek moyang saya.


Sayangnya, saya mendapati bahwa perpecahan agama suci ini hanya berlaku selepas wafatnya Rasulullah Saw.


Saya pun mulai mencari sumber-sumber Sunni guna mendapatkan bukti lebih banyak. Saya menemui lebih dari 140 hadis Sunni yang mendukung peristiwa Ghadir. Malah Umar sendiri turut mengucapkan selamat ketika Imam Ali dilantik. Logika menyebutkan tidak mungkin Rasulullah Saw menghentikan sekelompok besar jemaah haji di tengah sinar mentari panas dan padang pasir yang membakar tanpa sesuatu yang penting. Terdapat ayat-ayat al-Quran yang memberikan kesaksian akan pentingnya deklarasi yang dibuat pada hari tersebut. Allah memerintahkan Nabi Muhammad Saw untuk menyempurnakan misi agama Islam.


Lagi pula, mengapa Allah meninggalkan hal penting kepemimpinan tanpa diputuskan? Kepemimpinan bukanlah satu hal yang diputuskan oleh manusia. Sejak dari zaman Nabi Adam as, ia senantiasa menjadi pilihan langit.


Berbagai statemen yang dibuat oleh Rasulullah pada masa hidupnya menkonfirmasikan posisi Imam Ali as, "Ali adalah seperti Harun kepada Musa, kecuali tidak ada Nabi selepas ku", "Aku adalah kota ilmu dan Ali adalah pintunya". Saat khalifah-khalifah lain sedang memerintah, jika tidak karena pintu ilmu ini, sudah tentu kita akan binasa, kata-kata yang dilahirkan dari Umar sendiri.


Yang paling penting, saya menemui sifat Imam Ali bersinar saat membaca Nahjul Balaghah. Seseorang yang membaca karya sastera ini sudah cukup untuk menyakinkan saya siapa yang lebih layak dan berupaya menjadi pemimpin.


Fondasi empat mazhab sunni juga ditegakkan lewat Ahlul Bait. Karena para Imam Sunni adalah murid Imam Jakfar al-Sadiq as.


Sebenarnya bukti masih banyak, hanya masa tidak mengizinkan saya untuk memaparkan kesemuanya.

Saya mempelajari mazhab Syiah di Pusat Islam Imam Husein Sydney Australia. Ketika saya memasuki pusat ini, saya merasakan energi spiritual yang kuat, hubungan yang kuat antara jiwa dan Allah. Terutama ketika mendengarkan lantunan doa-doa seperti doa Kumail.


Pada masa inilah saya dapati bahwa konsep tawasul dan tokoh besar Imam Husein as (yang telah disimpan dalam gelap selama bertahun-tahun oleh Sunni) termasuk pengorbanan besarnya terhadap Islam. Saya menyadari bahwa Imam Husein as merupakan bahtera keselamatan saya, doa yang selama ini saya panjatkan kepada Allah saat berada di Masjid Kairo (Masjid Husein) saat pertama saya memohon bimbingan dan sampai detik ini, Allah membimbing saya.


Saya membuat kesimpulan bahwa tidak ada jalan lain selain memeluk mazhab ini sebagai bimbingan spiritual saya; seterusnya saya merasakan untuk pertama kali bahwa keyakinan saya telah sempurna.


Sejak itu, beberapa kali saya melakukan kunjungan ke Iran dan Irak setiap tahun untuk melakukan ziarah atau ikut berpartisipasi dalam konferensi. Saya mendapati bahwa setiap tahun saya meninggalkan Australia untuk menghidupkan semula jiwa saya. Setiap tahun saya ketagihan dengan injeksi spiritual tahunan ini.


Ini jugalah yang menyebabkan saya meninggalkan kehidupan ala Barat berubah kepada kehidupan yang lebih islami, sederhana dan kurang materialistik. Kehausan terhadap agama dan pemahaman yang lebih jauh, menyebabkan saya belajar bahasa Persia. Untuk masa depan, saya berserah kepada apa yang telah diatur Allah Swt.